SECTION 7 THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING
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1) What structure is at the back of the nasal cavity?
A. Larynx
B. Oropharynx
C. Nasopharynx
D. Laryngopharynx
2) What structure is located at the back of the mouth?
A. Larynx
B. Oropharynx
C. Nasopharynx
D. Laryngopharynx
3) The opening to the trachea is guarded by a leaf-shaped
structure called the:
A. bronchus.
B. epiglottis.
C. cricoid cartilage.
D. thyroid cartilage.
4) The firm cartilaginous ring forming the lower portion of
the larynx is called the:
A. carina ring.
B. cricoid cartilage.
C. thyroid cartilage.
D. laryngopharynx.
5) The vocal cords are located in the:
A. larynx.
B. pharynx.
C. oropharynx.
D. laryngopharynx.
SECTION 7 THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING
6) Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper
airway?
A. Pharynx
B. Epiglottis
C. Bronchus
D. Nasopharynx
7) Which of the following structures is NOT found in the lower
airway?
A. Alveoli
B. Bronchi
C. Trachea
D. Epiglottis
8) What are the two major branches of the trachea called?
A. Bronchi
B. Alveoli rings
C. Carina tubes
D. Pharyngeal tubes
9) Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 5
D. 6
10) The lungs are covered by a viscous sac called the:
A. peritoneum.
B. parietal pleura.
C. visceral pleura.
D. pulmonary membrane.
11) The chest cavity is lined by a viscous membrane called the:
A. visceral pleura.
B. parietal pleura.
C. pulmonary pleura.
D. bronchial membrane.
SECTION 7 THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING
12) What structure lies at the base of the lungs?
A. Heart
B. Diaphragm muscle
C. Intercostal muscle
D. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
13) What type of muscle is the diaphragm?
A. Tensed
B. Relaxed
C. Striated
D. Smooth
14) The contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles is
called:
A. atelectasis.
B. exhalation.
C. inhalation.
D. paradoxical movement.
15) What is the passive cycle of respiration called?
A. Exhalation
B. Inspiration
C. Inspiratory recoil
D. Expiratory contraction
16) What type of process is inhalation?
A. Active
B. Passive
C. Relaxed
D. Smooth
17) Inhalation occurs when the:
A. ribs move inward.
B. ribs move downward.
C. diaphragm moves upward.
D. diaphragm moves downward.
SECTION 7 THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING
18) Exhalation occurs when the:
A. diaphragm contracts.
B. diaphragm moves downward.
C. ribs move upward and outward.
D. ribs move downward and inward.
19) Capillary/cellular exchange occurs when:
A. oxygen-rich air enters the alveoli while
inhaling.
B. oxygen-poor blood in the capillaries passes
through to the alveoli.
C. oxygen enters the capillaries as carbon dioxide
enters the alveoli.
D. cells give up carbon dioxide to the capillaries,
and capillaries give up oxygen to the cells.
20) The oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange that occurs in the
pulmonary capillaries is called:
A. passive/active exchange.
B. alveolar/capillary exchange.
C. capillary/cellular exchange.
D. exhalation/inhalation exchange.
21) Which of the following types of patients experiences seesaw
breathing where the abdominal and chest muscles alternately
contract to look like a seesaw?
A. Adult
B. Child
C. Infant
D. Geriatric
22) How many breaths per minute is considered adequate breathing
for an adult?
A. 6 to 12
B. 8 to 12
C. 12 to 20
D. 16 to 24
SECTION 7 THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING
23) How many breaths per minute is considered adequate breathing
for a child?
A. 10 to 20
B. 12 to 24
C. 15 to 30
D. 24 to 40
24) How many breaths per minute is considered adequate breathing
for an infant?
A. 12 to 20
B. 15 to 30
C. 20 to 30
D. 25 to 50
25) Inadequate breathing in an adult exists when the rate is
less than:
A. 8 or more than 24 breaths per minute.
B. 10 or more than 30 breaths per minute.
C. 12 or more than 35 breaths per minute.
D. 12 or more than 40 breaths per minute.
26) Inadequate breathing in a child exists when the rate is
less than:
A. 10 or more than 24 breaths per minute.
B. 10 or more than 35 breaths per minute.
C. 12 or more than 30 breaths per minute.
D. 15 or more than 24 breaths per minute.
27) Inadequate breathing in an infant exists when the rate is
less than:
A. 20 or more than 50 breaths per minute.
B. 25 or more than 60 breaths per minute.
C. 30 or more than 50 breaths per minute.
D. 35 or more than 45 breaths per minute.
28) Which of the following statements about a child's
respiratory anatomy is FALSE?
A. A child has a smaller trachea.
B. A child uses the accessory muscles to breathe.
C. A child's cricoid cartilage is less rigid.
D. A child's tongue takes up more space in the mouth.
SECTION 7 THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING
29) Which of the following is NOT a sign of inadequate breathing
in a child?
A. Nasal flaring
B. Seesaw respirations
C. Retractions above the clavicles
D. Breathing without use of the accessory muscles
30) You are assessing a patient's need for supplemental oxygen.
You know that room air contains approximately what percent
oxygen?
A. 20
B. 40
C. 60
D. 80
31) Which of the following statements about the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide is true?
A. The arterioles remove carbon dioxide before the
blood reaches the capillaries.
B. Waste products and carbon dioxide enter the lungs
through the pulmonary vein.
C. Carbon dioxide is passed from the alveoli to the
blood through the pulmonary capillaries.
D. Oxygen exchange takes place at the pulmonary
capillaries and at each living cell.
32) The phrenic nerve controls the function of the:
A. heart.
B. lungs.
C. diaphragm.
D. esophagus.
33) In a healthy individual, what gas exchange in arterial blood
most rapidly stimulates an increase in the respiratory rate?
A. A rise in the level of oxygen
B. A fall in the level of oxygen
C. A rise in the level of carbon dioxide
D. A fall in the level of carbon dioxide
SECTION 7 THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING
34) During expiration, the pressure inside the lungs will:
A. be greater than air outside the body.
B. cause the alveoli to open.
C. force the diaphragm down.
D. increase the chest diameter.
35) If the brain is deprived of oxygen, cells in the brain may
die within how many minutes?
A. 1
B. 4 to 6
C. 6 to 10
D. 10 to 15
SECTION 7 THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING
Answer Key:
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. C
15. A
16. A
17. D
18. D
19. D
20. B
21. C
22. C
23. C
24. D
25. A
26. B
27. B
28. B
29. D
30. A
31. D
32. C
33. C
34. A
35. B